I just received a message about a new review of Howard Thurman, Sermons on the Parables, that Kipton Jensen and I put together and edited. It's by Wendy L. Pohlhaus in The Journal of Social Encounters 8:2 (2024) 358–362.
I will excerpt its introduction and conclusion only:
Sermons on the Parables of Jesus by American Civil Rights Icon Howard Thurman
Sermons on the Parables. Howard Thurman. David B. Gowler and Kipton E. Jensen (eds.). Maryknoll, NY, Orbis Books, 2018, paper, L+157 pages. ISBN 978-1-62698-283-3.
How can a group of sermons written well over 60 years ago about the parables crafted by Jesus, an itinerant Jewish rabbi in the 1st Century, be relevant to the present world in which we live? These parables are relevant because when Howard Thurman -- mystic, preacher, mastermind of the non-violence resistance strategy employed during the American Civil Rights Movement and theological savant -- wrote these sermons the American social, political, and economic landscape was like what we are experiencing today (Gowler and Jensen, 2018, xvi). First, Jesus’ world, like present-day America, was marked by an extreme form of Roman nationalism which required its conquered people, especially the Jewish population, to yield to their imperial rule and accept their cultural and religious norms (Powell, 2018, pp. 34,50; Thurman,1996, p.8). Second, the conquered and marginalized Jewish population resisted this Roman oppression and threat to their identity (Thurman, 1996, p.8). Finally, Roman territorial conquest through war was normative, and there was a stark economic inequality between the Roman and Jewish elite and the majority of the oppressed and impoverished Jews (Powell, 2018, p. 31; Thurman 1996, p.8).
Moreover, akin to first century Palestine, the world in which Thurman wrote these sermons during the 1950s was still reeling from the atrocities of World War II, watching Senator McCarthy’s brand of nationalism which propagated an American fear that Communism would rule the world, and in which American violent racism subjugated African Americans in all aspects of American life and attempted to diminish their humanity. African Americans during the fifties were in the same position as marginalized Jews in the first century (Cone, 2010, p. 120; Thurman 1996, p. 6).
Today’s world is marked by wars in Palestine and Ukraine and numerous armed conflicts in Africa in which our children are being killed. There is a rise of a nationalism which taps into the American ruling class’ fear of losing their social, economic, and political control and seeks to “Make America Great Again.” Moreover, despite various civil and equality rights movements, other groups such as the LGBTQIA community, Muslim and immigrant groups are joining Jews and African Americans as the American disenfranchised. Thus, as Thurman’s sermons challenged the faithful in the 1950s, he is challenging the faithful today to meet our modern-day violence and oppressive socio-economic and political conditions by accepting our responsibility to build the Kingdom of God, which Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would later refer to as the Beloved Community (Hunt, 2018, pp. 35-37).
In Sermons on the Parables, Thurman delineates a kingdom-building blueprint for the modern world. First, we who accept the role of kingdom builders must develop the necessary skill set by ascertaining who we are to God. Thurman describes this process as finding your “core” (Thurman, 2018, p. 34- 35). Second, to live into this core, we must ascertain and consent to God’s will for our lives. Third, this consent will create an internal wholeness which facilitates our relationship with our neighbor and our participation in the continued creation of the Kingdom of God.
[Deleted pages of detailed summary/analysis of the sermons.]
Thus, as Thurman’s sermons challenged the faithful in the 1950’s, he is challenging the faithful today to stop, listen, pray, and find God within our core. When we connect with this core we will be empowered and have the responsibility to overturn modern-day violence and oppressive socioeconomic and political conditions and build the Beloved Community.